8/29/2013 2 What is Waste ... – Primary inputs include paper, plastic waste, biomass Conversion and the Waste Management Hierarchy. Compared with other alternative feedstock like biomass and coal, PE possesses relatively higher heating value, and is much cleaner in terms of fuel quality attributing to lesser fuel pre-processing costs. The main objective is to convert the plastic waste into syngas through a gasifier. Gasification converts MSW to a usable synthesis gas, or syngas. Apart from clean energy production, the project Chemical recycling of the waste plastics, via pyrolysis and gasification, to generate useful hydrocarbons . 30 b. Gasification or partial oxidation of plastic waste is com- monly operated at high temperatures (>600˚C - 800˚C). waste, sewage sludge, auto shredder residue or residues from plastic recycling processes. The utilized rate (mechanical recycling＋ feedstock recycling＋energy recovery) for collected waste plastics was 83 %, and is increasing yearly. • There is not enough high-carbon material in MSW to gasify for energy or fuel, especially if all 4. Technical Report NREL/TP-6A20-46587 . monly operated at high temperatures (> 600 ˚ C - 800 ˚ C). David D. Hsu . tel-01562225 Aim of Promoting Gasification Chemical Recycling of Plastic Waste Promotion of plastic waste recycling has become a global issue, as seen in the ocean microplastic problem. The instrument used is a simple one phase PDF is obtained from different kinds of food-packaging, generally consisting of multi-layer packaging of plastic, paper and aluminium. The proposed Gasification process is a carbon neutral technology. In gasification, plastic waste is reacted with gasifying agent (e.g., steam, oxygen and air) at high temperature around 500–1300 °C, which can produce synthesis gas or syngas. A growing interest in utilizing mixed plastic waste as gasification feedstock is likely to create issues with feed preparation, conveyance to the gasifier, syngas cleanup, and materials degradation. Global commodity prices for materials including paper and crude oil have slumped, lowering the value of recyclate, presenting new challenges for the Australian waste and recycling industry. 2006; Wilk and Hofbauer 2013). 3 2. FastOx® Gasification is the Future. First, an overview will be provided of the current status of plastic waste gasification, describing the main drivers and barriers to the development of the technology and illustrating the existing need for further research. In plasma gasification, feedstock (trash) is introduced into a vessel of extremely high heat (~2,000 deg F) capable of breaking all organic chemical bond and reducing all trash including plastic, paper, glass, yard waste, food, filth, etc. This solid waste is mainly derived from municipal solid waste (MSW), biomass residue, plastic waste, and their mixtures. 1. to basic elements. Air (or oxygen in some applicat ions) is used as a gasifi-. Co-pyrolysis and co-gasification of biomass with different types of plastic wastes has shown to provide enhanced product yields and quality for syngas and liquid fuel production. National Renewable Energy Laboratory . MSW starts out as a complex mixture of food waste, glass, metals, yard trimmings, woody waste materials, non-recyclable paper and plastic, construction and demolition waste, rags, and sludge from wastewater treatment. The plant uses 250,000 tonnes per year of Solid Recovered Fuel, which consists mainly of plastic, wood and paper products unsuitable for recycling. Waste plastic gasification 145 Gasification chemistry 147 Gasifier reactor design 147 Brief comparison of gasification technologies 149 Concluding remarks on pyrolysis and gasification of waste plastics 150 Summary on technology review 152 Plastic recycling Integration with oil refining 154 5 Case I: PlasticEnergy/ Cynar Pyrolysis Process 155 8/29/2013 5 Waste … either advanced mechanical recycling of PSW as virgin or second grade plastic feedstock, or thermal treatments to recycle the waste as virgin monomer, as synthetic fuel gas, or as heat source (incineration with energy recovery). 4.6.1 Option A – Paper Waste to Cellulose Aerogels 15 4.6.2 Option B – Paper Waste to Butanol 15 4.6.3 Option C – Paper Waste to Pro-fibre 16. Interest in converting waste into renewable energy has increased recently due to concerns about sustainability and climate change. Figure 2. plastic waste to solve the problem of high-moisture biomass gasification was investigated by mixing the high-moisture rubber woodchip (27%M.C.) Degradation is a particular concern with refractories in the high-temperature zones of gasification Keywords: energy, gasification, paper, plastic, waste. So the methods of converting plastic into fuel, specially pyrolysis and catalytic degradation, are discussed in detail and a brief idea about the gasification is also included. Clean Energy – The proposed project aims at clean electricity generation using waste like plastics and agro-residue. However, generating syngas from waste comes with some challenges. Waste Plastic Gasification Zuhair E. M. Haruon Department of Electrical Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology 1zozmatar22@gmail.com Abstract— This paper outlines the design, manufacture and analysis of a far infrared ceramic heater for plastic gasification purposes. Plastic waste consists mostly of commodity plastics and may be actively sorted from municipal waste. The plastic wastes are simultaneously pyrolyzed as well as partially combusted. Another way to convert waste to energy is through gasification, a process that melts plastics at very high temperatures in the near-absence of … This report serves as an overview of gasification Kinetic Study of Plastic Waste Gasification Reactions Aim The aim is to understand the gasification reaction mechanisms for different plastic wastes, and generate reaction schemes to be used in a 1-D reactor model. The feedstock is fed into a reactor roughly one-third from the bottom through the use of a feed mechanism. Air (or oxygen in some applications) is used as a gasification agent, and the air factor is generally 20% - 40% of the amount of air needed for the combustion of the PSW. Characteristics of Synthetic Fuel from Plastic Waste by Gasification Method A. This work focuses on the gasification of 100 wt % plastic waste (polypropylene). Gasification is a process in which materials are exposed to some oxygen, but not enough to allow combustion to occur. National Renewable Energy Laboratory . Introduction Currently, 80 million tonnes of Packaging Waste (PW) are generated in the EU-28, where the share of paper, cardboard and plastic waste is 60% (Eurostat, 2014). The heat also melts metals, which are … plastic waste is cracked (depolymerisation in mild conditions) into a synthetic heavy oil and a gas fractions. The gasification pressure can be adjusted to the pressure of the served downstream process. In fact, the World Economic Forum predicts that if current production and waste … Valorization of wood and plastic waste by pyro-gasification and syngas clean-ing. (2011) to yield a clean and high-calorie producer gas. gasification of non-recycled materials is environmentally beneficial compared to landfill. Gasification is a unique process that transforms a carbon-based material, such as MSW or biomass, into other forms of energy without actually burning it. Pyrolysis and/or gasification of PE serve as an appropriate tool for the recovery of energy and for waste plastic disposal simultaneously. Gasification is a process that converts biomass- or fossil fuel-based carbonaceous materials into gases, including as the largest fractions: nitrogen (N2), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), and carbon dioxide (CO2). Gasification of plastic waste needs significant initial financing. Moreover, pyrolysis is useful for applications in food manufacturing, i.e. Gasification can help the world both manage its waste and produce the energy and products needed to fuel economic growth. Thus, we attempt to address the problem of plastic waste disposal and shortage of conventional fuel and thereby help in promotion of sustainable environment. •Gasification and Pyrolysis Overview • Outputs and Emissions • Gasification is NOT Renewable Energy • Gasification Prevents Waste Reduction • Gasification’s History of Failures • We Already Have Real Solutions to Our Waste Problem Agenda: Dogu, Onur, Matteo Pelucchi, Ruben Van de Vijver, Paul Van Steenberge, Dagmar D’hooge, Alberto Cuoci, Marco Mehl, Alessio Frassoldati, Tiziano Faravelli, and Kevin Van Geem. So, this is also a difference between pyrolysis and gasification. Although CO 2 is not such an effective gasifying agent as steam, a few investigations have explored the utilization of CO 2 in conjunction with steam to achieve somewhat higher carbon … Gasification is a more complex process than waste incineration, but the reactors used for both processes are quite similar. David D. Hsu . Gasification converts solid waste materials into a fuel gas, Gasification Ryan M. Swanson, Justinus A. Satrio, and Robert C. Brown . November 2010 ConocoPhillips Company . As a result, the effective plastic utilization rate improved by two points plastic waste for power generation How will the project address the Goals of the above Themes? plastic waste as a resource, if made possible, can contribute to the finding of solutions in terms of both resource securing and waste processing. New sustainable processes have emerged, i.e. ConocoPhillips Company . The disposal of plastic solid waste (PSW) has become a major worldwide environmental problem. From this share 19% is plastic waste where 29.7% is recycled, The pyrolysis process thermally degrades waste in the absence of air (and oxygen). It can be observed that the main difference of these methods is the obtained product. Justification Over the recent decades the annual amount of municipal solid waste (MSW), including plastic wastes has increased. Air gasification of a fraction of mixed plastic wastes was conducted by Kim et al. • Pros: Gasification can be easily scaled to match waste supplies and energy demands. 10 Hyun P S, Kim C G & Kim S J, Characterization of PE gasifica-tion by Steam Plasma, J Ind Engr Chem, 12 (2006) 216-223. This work focuses on the gasification of 100 wt % plastic waste (polypropylene). Gasification is a process in which fuel is converted into syngas which can be used as an alternative for natural gas. 2003; Pohorely et al. MSW presents numerous challenges when used as a feedstock for energy production: it has low Pyrolysis of plastic solid waste (PSW) has gained importance due to having better advantages towards environmental pollution and reduction of carbon footprint of plastic products by minimizing the emissions of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide compared to combustion and gasification. English. Gasification is perfectly possible to simulate in DWSIM. The waste is broken down to create gas, solid and liquid residues. plastic waste is cracked (depolymerisation in mild conditions) into a synthetic heavy oil and a gas fractions. (3) Effectively used plastic waste increased by 160 kt (+2.2%) from the previous year to 7,750 kt while non-utilized plastic waste decreased by 120 kt (-8.7%). To meet the same quality standards as primary feedstock, some pre-sorting of non-organic waste or purification of the output material may be necessary. 4.5.3 Option C – Plastic Waste to PHA 15. A new combined heat and power (CHP) waste gasification plant (Kymijärvi II) opened in May 2012 replacing the previous biomass gasifier built in 1998. The process, reported in ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, is more energy-efficient than recycling or burning waste […] On the other hand, it is not yet a very common practice to collect e.g. Gasification is one commonly applied technology that can convert solid waste into usable gases, including H2, CO, CH4, and CO2. while gasification is useful for heat production, production of electricity, etc. In this era of plastics dominated world, it remains a fact that there exists an everincreasing margin between the volume of waste plastics generated and the volume recycled [1]. Figure 01 shows historical global plastic use from 1950 to 2015 with a solid line, and projected usage from 2015 to 2050 based on historical trends [10].
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